Onlay graft regeneration surgical technique.
Onlay grafting is based on obtaining an extraoral or intraoral block graft, or on the use of biomaterials for subsequent placement using osteosynthesis screws in the affected area.
The main advantage of this technique is that it allows for the correction of defects in both width and height, for subsequent rehabilitation with implants.
What type of grafts are used?
The graft can be:
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- Autologous (patient's own bone)
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- Obtained from intraoral or extraoral areas
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- Combined with biomaterials to improve integration and fill in gaps
Autologous bone remains the most valued for its low rejection rate and its osteoconductive capacity, although biomaterials are gaining ground for its versatility.
How is the onlay surgical technique performed?
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- A horizontal and two vertical incisions are made to expose the atrophied area, to elevate the mucoperiosteal flap and show the atrophied region.
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- The cortex is perforated with piezoelectric milling cutter or instrument
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- The graft is fixed with microscrews
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- Empty spaces are filled with biomaterial
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- The surgical wound is closed
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- After 4-6 months, the implants are placed
In which cases is this technique recommended?
The onlay graft technique is indicated in:
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- Patients with severe bone loss
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- Situations in which the implant cannot be placed due to lack of volume
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- Complete or partial rehabilitations where required structural reconstruction of the maxilla